In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

Accumulated mutations can cause cancer development. In our school’s Cell Biotechnology Research Centre, students can make good use of human leukemia cells HL-60 for their scientific research. Some students have investigated the anti-cancer properties of potato and grape samples by performing viable cell count and metabolic studies.