| Class: | 5D |
| Name: | Chua Kwai Wa |
| Year: | 2017 – 2018 |
| 地質年代：(化石) (岩石)
化學組成, 鍵及結構：(礦物) |
Geological Age: (Fossil) (Rock)
Chemical composition, bonding and structure: (Mineral) |
| 形成：(岩石) (礦物)
l 蛇紋石化是由來自海洋地幔的深海岩石的區域變質形成的。 l 它通過地幔岩橄欖岩的蝕變,( 當鎂鐵質火成岩被水改變時) 在地球深處的構造板塊邊界形成。 l 它是一種地熱低溫變質作用過程，包括熱和水，其中低矽鎂鐵鎂和超鎂鐵質岩被氧化（由水的質子對Fe2 +進行厭氧氧化，導致形成H2），並用水將其水解成蛇紋岩。 原生物：(化石) |
Formation:(Rock) (Mineral)
l Serpentinization forms by regional metamorphism of deep-sea rocks from the oceanic mantle. l It forms at tectonic plate boundaries deep within the Earth by the alteration of the mantle rock peridotite. (when mafic igneous rocks are altered by water) l It is a geological low-temperature metamorphic process involving heat and water in which low-silica mafic and ultramafic rocks are oxidized (anaerobic oxidation of Fe2+ by the protons of water leading to the formation of H2) and hydrolyzed with water into serpentinite. Living Specimens: (Fossil)
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| 特性：
l 蛇紋石是一種塑性和光滑的岩石，可以很容易地擠入甚至潤滑板塊邊界上的許多斷層。 l 纖維蛇紋石具有彈性。 l 光澤: 光滑，蠟質或柔滑 l 韌性: 2-5 l 顏色: 白色，黃色，綠色，灰色，棕色，黑色，紫色;有時多彩，尤其是綠色和黃色 l 條紋: 白色 l 透明度: 半透明不透明。非常透明。 l 由於晶體的發展, 通常不可辨別。 l 溫石棉可能出現基底分裂。 l 斷裂: 貝殼狀，裂片 |
Properties:
l Serpentinite is a very plastic and greasy rock that can be easily squeezed into and even lubricate the many faults at plate boundaries. l Fibrous Serpentine is flexible and elastic. l Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky l Toughness: 2-5 l Colour: White, yellow, green, gray, brown, black, purple; sometimes multicolored, especially green and yellow l streak :White l Transparency: Translucent to opaque. Rarely transparent. l Usually not discernible because of crystal development. l Chrysotile may exhibit basal cleavage. l Fracture: Conchoidal, splintery |
| 用途：(岩石) (礦物)
l 在建築中的裝飾石材(工藝品) 方解石中蛇紋岩的品級較高，以及鋸齒狀古董（角礫岩形態的蛇紋石），歷史上曾被用作裝飾石材，以表現大理石般的品質。例如，賓夕法尼亞大學的學院是用蛇紋石建造的。 它們可以用來製作藝術品和珠寶 l 雕刻工具，油燈 因紐特人和北極地區的土著居民以及南部地區的少數民族使用帶燈芯的雕刻碗狀蛇紋石Qulliq或Kudlik燈，燃燒油脂或脂肪加熱，用於照明和烹飪。因紐特人(美國原住民) 最近以蛇紋岩製作工具和用於商業的動物雕刻。 l 科學用法 蛇紋石具有相當數量的結合水，因此它含有豐富的氫原子，能夠通過彈性碰撞（中子熱化過程）減緩中子。 因此這種蛇紋石可以在核反應堆的某些設計中用作鋼夾套內的干填料。例如，在RBMK系列中，它被用於頂部輻射屏蔽，以免發生中子洩漏情況保護操作員 |
Application: (Rock) (Mineral)
l Decorative stone in architecture Grades of serpentinite higher in calcite, along with the verd antique (breccia form of serpentinite), have historically been used as decorative stones for their marble-like qualities. College Hall at the University of Pennsylvania, for example, is constructed out of serpentine. They can be used to create art craft and jewelry l Carvingstone tools, oil lamp Inuit and Aboriginal peoples of the Arctic areas and less so of southern areas used the carved bowl shaped serpentinite Qulliq or Kudlik lamp with wick, to burn oil or fat to heat, make light and cook with. Inuit (Native American people) also use serpentine to make tools and carvings of animals for commerce in recent. l scientific usage Serpentinite has a significant amount of bound water, hence it contains abundant hydrogen atoms able to slow down neutrons by elastic collision (neutron thermalization process). Because of this, serpentinite can be used as dry filler inside steel jackets in some designs of nuclear reactors. For example, in RBMK series it was used for top radiation shielding to protect operators from escaping neutrons
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| 分佈：(岩石) (礦物)
l 蛇紋石在許多環境中相當常見，在許多變質環境中是重要的岩石成形礦物。 l 除了可能保存海洋岩石的俯衝帶岩石之外，它在陸地上很少見到 |
Distribution: (Rock) (Mineral)
l Serpentine is fairly common in many environments, and is an important rock forming mineral in many metamorphic environments. l It is seldom seen on land except in rocks from subduction zones, where oceanic rocks may be preserved.
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| 知多一點點：
l 蛇紋石這個名字起源於它與蛇皮 斑駁的顏色，蠟質或樹脂質光澤和弧度，拋光表面的相似 l 儘管它是一種非常重要的經濟礦物，但它已經成為一些加州政客的目標，他們認為它是有毒的。 l 他們試圖從加拿大國家石油公司的記錄中刪除蛇紋石。 這是出於恐懼而不是教育。 在20個左右的石棉礦物中，只有少數產生對人類實際上危險的纖維。 |
More to learn:
l The name of Serpentine originating from its resemblance to snakeskin with a mottled color, waxy or resinous luster and curving, polished surfaces. l Despite being a very important economic mineral, it has become the target of some California politicians who have characterized it as toxic. l They were trying to get serpentine removed from the records as California’s State Rock. This is being done out of fear more than education. Of the 20 or so asbestos minerals, only a few produce a fiber that are actually dangerous to humans. |