| Class: | 5E |
| Name: | Khushdeep |
| Year: | 2017 – 2018 |
| 地質年代：(化石) (岩石)
化學組成, 鍵及結構：(礦物) |
Geological Age: (Fossil) (Rock)
Chemical composition, bonding and structure: (Mineral |
| 形成：大理石是由重結晶碳酸鹽礦物組成的變質岩，最常見的是方解石或白雲石。。 在地質學中，術語“大理石”是指變質的石灰石， | Formation: Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble may be foliated. In geology the term “marble” refers to metamorphosed limestone,
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| 特性：
純白色大理石是非常純（貧矽酸鹽）石灰岩或白雲石原岩的變質作用的結果。 許多有色大理石品種的特徵性漩渦和紋理通常是由於各種礦物雜質如粘土，淤泥，沙子，鐵氧化物或燧石，它們最初以石灰石中的顆粒或層狀存在。
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Properties: Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure (silicate-poor) limestone or dolomite protolith. The characteristic swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert which were originally present as grains or layers in the limestone. |
| 用途：大理石通常用於雕塑和作為建築材料。 |
· Application: Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
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| 分佈：：根據美國地質調查局的數據，2006年美國國內大理石產量為46,400噸，價值約為1810萬美元，而2005年為8,290萬噸，價值為1890萬美元。2006年大理石產量（總用量和工業用量）為1180萬噸價值1.16億美元，其中650萬噸是精細研磨的碳酸鈣，其餘為建築總量。相比之下，2005年大理石碎石產量為776萬噸，價值5870萬美元，其中480萬噸是精細研磨的碳酸鈣，其餘為建築總量。美國大理石需求量約為130萬噸。 DSAN全球（完成）大理石指數需求在2000 – 2006年期間每年增長12％，而2000 – 2005年期間每年增長10.5％。最大尺寸的大理石應用是瓷磚。
1998年，大理石生產佔據了世界大理石和裝飾石材產量幾乎一半的4個國家。意大利和中國是世界領導者，分別佔世界產量的16％，而西班牙和印度分別生產9％和8％。意大利是世界大理石出口的領導者，其全球大理石產量佔20％，其次是中國16％，印度10％，西班牙6％，葡萄牙5％。 |
Distribution: According to the United States Geological Survey, U.S. domestic marble production in 2006 was 46,400 tons valued at about $18.1 million, compared to 72,300 tons valued at $18.9 million in 2005. Crushed marble production (for aggregate and industrial uses) in 2006 was 11.8 million tons valued at $116 million, of which 6.5 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. For comparison, 2005 crushed marble production was 7.76 million tons valued at $58.7 million, of which 4.8 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. U.S. dimension marble demand is about 1.3 million tons. The DSAN World Demand for (finished) Marble Index has shown a growth of 12% annually for the 2000–2006 period, compared to 10.5% annually for the 2000–2005 period. The largest dimension marble application is tile
In 1998, marble production was dominated by 4 countries that accounted for almost half of world production of marble and decorative stone. Italy and China were the world leaders, each representing 16% of world production, while Spain and India produced 9% and 8%, respectively. Italy is the world leader in marble export, with 20% share in global marble production, followed by China with 16%, India with 10%, Spain with 6%, and Portugal with 5%.[13] |