名稱   白雲石Name   Dolomite化學公式   CaCO3Chemical Formula   CaCO3莫氏硬度   3.5 to 4Mohs scale of Hardness   3.5 to 4描述   晶体为无色，白色，浅黄色，粉红色或蓝色。颗粒往往是浅灰色至深灰色，棕褐色或白色。光泽范围从微不足道的到暗淡的。Description   Crystals are colourless, white, buff-coloured, pinkish, or bluish. Granules tend to be light to dark gray, tan, or white. The lustre ranges from subvitreous to dull.小挑戰   我们在哪里可以找到这块石头？意大利东北部和意大利阿尔卑斯山一部分的山脉。Challenge   Where can we find this stone? Mountain range in northeastern Italy and part of the Italian Alps. Reference 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/dolomite-mineral 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite by 4A Fok Yung Him 10 on 1 April 2021

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名稱鈷方解石Name   Cobaltian Calcite化學公式 (Ca, Co)CO3Chemical Formula   (Ca, Co)CO3莫氏硬度3  Mohs scale of Hardness   3描述鈷方解石，也稱為鈷方解石和阿芙羅狄蒂石，是一種不常見的方解石，其中含有鈷雜質。通常，鈷的含量決定了寶石的粉紅色程度。  Description Cobaltoan Calcite, also known as Cobalt Calcite and Aphrodite Stone, is an uncommon variety of Calcite that has Cobalt impurities. Usually, the amount of Cobalt within determines how pink the stone is.  小挑戰我們在哪裡可以找到這種礦物質的脈絡?該礦物的最重要礦脈目前位於剛果，摩洛哥，澳大利亞，墨西哥，英國，西班牙，意大利和瑞士。  Challenge   Where can we find the vein of this minerals?     The most important veins of this mineral are currently located in the Congo, Morocco, Australia, Mexico, the UK, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland.…

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名稱   硃砂Name   Cinnabar化學公式   HgSChemical Formula   HgS莫氏硬度   2 – 2.5Mohs scale of Hardness   2 – 2.5描述   硃砂通常以塊狀，顆粒狀或泥土形式存在，鮮紅色至猩紅色至磚紅色，是朱紅色或猩紅色顏料（朱紅色）和相關的紅色汞顏料的歷史來源。Description   Cinnabar is generally found in a massive, granular or earthy form and is bright scarlet to brick-red in colour, it is the historic source for the brilliant red or scarlet pigment termed vermillion and associated red mercury pigments.小挑戰   我們可以赤手觸摸硃砂嗎？ 不能因為硃砂中的汞含量高，因此對人類有毒。Challenge   Can we touch Cinnabar with our bare hands? No because its mercury content, cinnabar can be toxic to human beings.   Reference…

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姓名： 黃銅礦/菱鐵礦Name:Chalcopyrite/ Siderite化學式： CuFeS2/ FeCO3Chemical formula: CuFeS2/ FeCO3莫氏硬度等級： 3.75 – 4.25Mohs scale of Hardness:3.75 – 4.25描述：顏色範圍從黃色到深棕色或黑色，後者歸因於錳的存在。菱鐵礦通常存在於熱液脈中，並與重晶石，螢石，方鉛礦等相關。  Description: Color ranges from yellow to dark brown or black, the latter being due to the presence of manganese. Siderite is commonly found in hydrothermal veins, and is associated with barite, fluorite, galena, and others.挑戰：菱鐵礦通常存在於熱液脈中，並與重晶石，螢石，方鉛礦等相關。它也是頁岩和砂岩中常見的成岩礦物，有時會形成凝結物，從而包裹著三維保存的化石。  Challenge: Siderite is commonly found in hydrothermal veins, and is associated with barite, fluorite, galena, and others. It is also a common diagenetic mineral in shales and sandstones, where it sometimes forms concretions, which can encase three-dimensionally preserved…

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名稱   方解石Name   Calcite化學公式 CaCO3  Chemical Formula CaCO3  莫氏硬度 3  Mohs scale of Hardness 3  描述 它具有完美的菱面體切割。它的顏色通常是白色，但也可以是無色，灰色，紅色，綠色，藍色，黃色，棕色，橙色。條紋為白色，並且具有玻璃光澤。    Description It has a perfect, rhombohedral cleavage. Its colours are usually white but also colorless, gray, red, green, blue, yellow, brown, orange. The streak is white, and it has a vitreous luster.小挑戰 它用作建築材料，磨料，農業土壤處理，建築骨料，顏料，製藥等。    Challenge What is calcite used for? It is used as a construction material, abrasive, agricultural soil treatment, construction aggregate, pigment, pharmaceutical and more.   Reference 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-UpR5Fix54 2. https://geology.com/minerals/calcite.shtml#:~:text=Calcite%20is%20a%20rock%2Dforming,constituent%20of%20limestone%20and%20marble. By 4A06 Chow…

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名稱 重晶石  Name Barite化學公式 BaSO4  Chemical Formula BaSO4描述 重晶石主要成份為硫酸鋇，顏色從白色至透明，同時也是鋇的主要來源之一。而在重晶石礦物群主要由重金石、天青石、硫酸鉛礦以及重晶石和天青石的固溶體組成。  Description Baryte, barite or barytes is a mineral consisting of barium sulphate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colourless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulphate), anglesite (lead sulphate), and anhydrite (calcium sulphate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.小挑戰 它如何形成？ 重晶石常發生於於大規模的堆積環境之中或者是透過生物作用、熱液作用、蒸發作用等方式的堆積形成而成 。另外重晶石也常見於石灰岩、鉛鋅礦脈、溫泉堆積中或與赤鐵礦的礦石共生。而重晶石也曾在隕石中被發現。  Challenge   How is it formed? Barite often occurs in a large-scale accumulation environment or is formed through accumulation of biological action, hydrothermal action, and evaporation. In addition, barite is also commonly found in limestone, lead-zinc veins, hot spring deposits or…

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名稱 砷黃鐵礦Name Arsenopyrite化學公式 砷化鐵Chemical Formula FeAsS莫氏硬度 5.5-6Mohs scale of Hardness 5.5-6描述 毒砂的顔色為錫白色。條紋為黑色，光澤是金屬光澤。敲擊時發出蒜臭味，灼燒後有磁性。當溶於硝酸時，會釋放出元素硫。Description The colour of arsenopyrite occurs as steel grey to silver white. The streak of it is black while its luster is metallic. It gives out garlic odor when struck, magnetic after burning. Elemental sulfur produced when dissolved in nitric acid.小挑戰 我們在哪裡可以找到這石頭？ 產於高溫熱液礦床中，斜晶岩以及接觸變質或致突變區域.Challenge Where can we find this stone? Arsenopyrite is found in high temperature hydrothermal veins, in pegmatites, and in areas of contact metamorphism or metasomatism. Reference https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B7%E9%BB%83%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%AF%92%E7%A0%82 By 4A Cheung Sze Wing 04 on 19 April 2021

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名稱   海藍寶石Name   Aquamarine化學公式   Be3Al2Si6O18Chemical Formula   Be3Al2Si6O18莫氏硬度   7.5-8Mohs scale of Hardness   7.5-8描述   海藍寶石是綠寶石般透明的綠柱石品種，具有淡淡的藍色或綠松石色，暗示著海水的色彩。 它與寶石祖母綠密切相關。 顏色各不相同，並且已知黃色綠柱石，玫瑰粉紅綠柱石和白色綠柱石。Description   Aquamarine is a gemstone-quality transparent variety of beryl, having a delicate blue or turquoise color, suggestive of the tint of seawater. It’s closely related to the gem emerald. Colors vary and yellow beryl, rose pink beryl, and white beryl are known.小挑戰   文化和神話用法 •海藍寶石（連同血石）是與三月有關的誕生石。 它也是19週年的寶石。 •中世紀的人們認為海藍寶石可以神奇地克服毒藥的影響。 •古代水手帶著海藍寶石晶體旅行，認為這將確保安全通過，並確保安全返回； 他們經常用枕頭下的石頭睡覺，以確保良好的睡眠。 他們相信警報器的人魚般的下半身是由海藍寶石製成的。Challenge   The culture and mythical usage Aquamarine (along with Bloodstone) is the birthstone associated with March. It is also the…

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名稱   魚眼石Name   Apophyllite化學公式   (K,Na)Ca4Si8O20(F,OH)•8H2OChemical Formula   (K,Na)Ca4Si8O20(F,OH)•8H2O莫氏硬度   4.5 – 5Mohs scale of Hardness   4.5 – 5描述   魚眼石通常為白色或無色，但也可以是藍色、綠色、棕色、黃色、粉紅色或紫色。魚眼石的條紋是白色的。其光澤為玻璃質的–珍珠的。它的折射率是1.536。Description   Apophyllite is usually white or colorless, but may also be blue, green, brown, yellow, pink or violet. The streak of Apophyllite is white. Its luster is vitreous and pearly. It has a refractive index of 1.536.小挑戰   有哪些不同種類的魚眼石？ 它們分別是氟化魚眼石–（鉀），氫氧化魚眼石–（鉀）和氟化魚眼石–（鈉）。Challenge   What are the different species of Apophyllite? They are Fluorapophyllite-(K), Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) and Fluorapophyllite-(Na) respectively. Reference 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophyllite By 4A Chan Ho…

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