化學組成, 鍵及結構：(礦物)

礦物成份主要由基性長石和輝石組成

Chemical composition, bonding and structure: (Mineral)

Mineral composition mainly by mafic composition of feldspar and pyroxene

原生物：

玄武岩是由火山噴發出的岩漿冷卻後凝固而成的一種致密狀或泡沫狀結構的岩石。它在地質學的岩石分類中，屬於岩漿岩（也叫火成岩）。岩漿岩分侵入岩和噴出岩兩種。其中侵入岩是地下岩漿在内力作用下侵入地殼上部，岩層冷卻凝固而形成岩石，它的礦物結晶顆粒較大，代表岩石有花崗岩。噴出岩是地下岩漿在内力作用下，沿地殼薄弱地帶噴出地表冷凝而形成岩石，它的礦物結晶顆粒細小，有的有流紋或氣孔構造，代表岩石就是玄武岩。

Living Specimens:

Basalt is volcanic eruption after cooling and solidification of magma made ​​of a dense foam-like or rock-like structure. It geology rock classification, belong to the magmatic rocks (also called igneous rocks). Two points intrusive magmatic rocks and extrusive rocks. Among them is the underground magma intrusion intrusive rocks of the upper crust in internal forces, rock cooled and solidified to form the rock, it’s mineral crystals larger particles, on behalf of granite rock. Extrusive rock underground magma under the internal forces, weak crust zone along the surface condensation and formation of rock ejected, its fine particles of mineral crystals, some with rhyolite or porosity structure, on behalf of the rock is basalt.

由於玄武岩漿粘度小，流動性大，噴溢地表易形成大規模熔岩流和熔岩被，但也有呈層狀侵入體的，如岩床等。在高原地區常形成面積達數千至數十萬平方千米的熔岩台地，有人稱其爲高原玄武岩，如印度的德幹高原玄武岩。在海洋則構成海嶺和火山島。與之有關的礦產有銅、鈷、硫黄、冰洲石、寶石等，其本身亦可作耐酸鑄石原料。

玄武岩中的柱狀節理——在玄武岩熔岩流中，垂直冷凝面常發育成規則的六方柱狀節理。

成因，一般認爲，假設在均一基性的熔岩中有均心距離彼此相等），然後，各向中心收縮，形成勻分布的冷卻中心。

Because of basaltic magma viscosity is small, mobile, easy to form large-scale surface effusive lava flows and lava was, but there was layered intrusions, such as the rock bed. In the highland areas often form an area of ​​several thousand to hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of lava plateau, was called basalt plateau, such as India’s Deccan basalt. Constitute the ocean ridge and the volcanic island. Relating to minerals are copper, cobalt, sulfur, Iceland spar, gems, etc., which itself may be acid-resistant cast stone materials.

Basalt columnar joints – in basalt lava flows, the vertical condensation surface often develops into a hexagonal columnar jointed rules.

Causes, is generally believed, assuming there are heart distance equal to each other) in a uniform base of lava, and then to the center of each contraction, forming a cooling center uniform distribution.

“鑄石”是將玄武岩經過熔化鑄造、結晶處理，退火而成的材料。它比合金鋼堅硬而耐磨，比鉛和橡膠抗腐蝕。玄武岩還在一種鑄鋼先進工藝中，起到”潤滑劑”的作用，可以延長鑄膜壽命。同時，玄武岩還可以抽成玻璃絲，比一般玻璃絲布抗鹼性強，耐高溫性能好。玄武岩是修理公路、鐵路、機場跑道所用石料中最好的材料

“Cast stone” is through the basalt melt casting, crystallization process, made ​​of annealed material. It is hard and wear-resistant than steel, corrosion resistant than lead and rubber. Basalt is also one kind of advanced technology in steel, act as a “lubricant” role, can prolong the life of the casting. Meanwhile, you can also pumped into basalt glass, stronger than ordinary alkaline resistant glass cloth, high temperature performance. Basalt is repairing roads, railways, airport runways used the best materials stone

大屯山火山群，海岸山脈，澎湖群島。

Datun Volcano Group, Coast Mountains, the Penghu Islands.