Class: 5E
Name: Chan Shui Ching, Crystal
Year: 2014-2015
| 化學組成, 鍵及結構：玄武岩的主要成分是矽鋁酸鈉或矽鋁酸鈣，二氧化矽的含量大約是45-52%，還含有較高的氧化鐵和氧化鎂 | Chemical composition, bonding and structure:
Basalt is an igneous rock that contains more than 45 and less than 52% SiO2 and less than five percent of total alkalies (K2O + Na2O)3 |
| 形成：
原生物：它是透過火山爆發而形成的。當裂縫到達岩漿，岩漿的壓力被釋放。岩漿通過裂隙上升到地表，發生火山爆發。不同礦物冷卻並凝固, 聚合而形成玄武岩。 |
Formation:
Living Specimens: It is formed during the process of extrusive vulcanicity. When cracks reach the magma, pressure of magma is released. Magma rises through the cracks to the earth surface and extrusive vulcanicity occurs. Different minerals cools and solidifies. The aggregate of minerals forms basalt. |
| 特性：玄武岩通常包含黑色的輝石。他們還聯鎖與其他礦物，如橄欖石，石英，角閃石，霞石，斜方輝石等。由於玄武岩是由火山爆發形成，冷卻快速，故岩中礦物顆粒通常較小。 | Properties: Basalt usually contains augite crystals which is in black. They also interlock with other crystals such as olivine, quartz, hornblende, nepheline, orthopyroxene etc. Crystals in basalt are usually fine-grained because they are formed by extrusive vulcanicity, the cooling rate is fast. |
| 用途：玄武岩的用途非常廣泛，其中最常用的是用來鋪建道路。玄武岩的礦物亦提供一些能量給細菌。 | Application: Basalt is used for a wide variety of purposes. It is most commonly crushed for use as an aggregate in construction projects. Minerals in basaltic rocks provide potential energy sources of bacteria. |
| 分佈：世界上的水底幾乎完全由玄武岩組成。另外，玄武岩亦常見於熱點島嶼及周圍的火山弧。例如，德干高原，西伯利亚高原，哥伦比亚河高原 | Distribution: Ocean floor is almost completely made up by basalt. Above sea level basalt is common in hotspot islands and around volcanic arcs, specially those on thin crust. Continental flood basalts are known to exist in the Deccan Traps in India, the Siberian Traps in Russia, the Columbia River Plateau of Washington and Oregon. |
| 知多一點點: 在月球，玄武岩亦是一種常見的石頭! | More to learn: Believe it or not! Basalt is an abundant rock in the moon! |