生於乾旱荒漠、多砂石的山脊、山頂或草地。

Growing in arid deserts, ridges of much sand and rocks, hilltops or grasslands.

草麻黃：鱗葉膜質鞘狀，長3-4毫米，圍繞莖節。

中麻黃：鱗葉膜質，裂片鈍三角形或窄三角狀披針形。

木賊麻黃：鱗葉膜質，裂片短三角形，長1.5-2毫米。

Chinese Ephedra: Scale-like leaves membranous, sheath-like, 3-4mm long, around the internodes.

Intermediate Ephedra: Scale leaves membranous, lobes obtuse-deltoid or narrowly deltoid-lanceolate.

Mongolian Ephedra: Scale leaves membranous, lobes short triangular-deltoid, 1.5-2mm long.

草麻黃：花成鱗球花序，通常雌雄異株，稀為單生；雄球花苞片3-5對；雌球花苞片4-5對。花期5-6月。種子成熟期7-8月。

中麻黃：苞片3-5輪。花期5-6月。

木賊麻黃：3-4個集生於節上，苞片3對。花期6-7月。

Chinese Ephedra: Inflorescence cone-like, usually dioecious, seldomly solitary; male cones bracts 3-5 pairs; female cones bracts 4-5 pairs. Flowering: May to June. Seeds: from July to August.

Intermediate Ephedra: bracts 3-5 layers. Flowering: May to June.

Mongolian Ephedra: 3-4 clusters on the nodes, Flowering: June to July.

草麻黃：包於苞片內，卵形，長4.5-6毫米，直徑約4毫米，表面有細皺紋。

中麻黃：種子包於肉質紅色苞片內，卵圓形或長卵圓形。種子成熟期7-8月。

木賊麻黃：窄長卵圓形，長約7毫米，直徑2-3毫米。種子成熟期8-9月。

Chinese Ephedra: Including in the bracts, ovate, 4.5-6mm, about 4mm in diameter, surface covered with fine wrinkles.

Intermediate Ephedra: Seed embedded in fleshy red bracts, oval or long oval. Seeds mature: July to August.

Mongolian Ephedra: narrowly elongated-oval, about 7mm long, 2-3mm in diameter. Seeds mature: August to September.

辛、微苦，溫。

發汗散寒，宣肺平喘，利水消腫。

Acrid, slightly bitter; warm.

Promotes sweating, disperses cold, diffuses the lung, calms panting, promotes urination, reduces swelling.

風寒感冒；咳嗽氣喘；水腫；止癢

anemofrigid cold; cough and asthma; edema; relieve itching

麻黃鹼毒性較強，在體內的代謝也慢。服用過量時，常發生煩躁、失眠等中樞興奮症狀以及血壓升高等副作用。

Ephedrine’s toxicity is quite strong and is slow at metabolism. Taking too much may cause side effects, like central nervous system disease’s symptom, such as jittery, insomnia, etc. and high blood pressure.

Answer: Chinese Ephedrs Herb can be used to treat anemofrigid cold, cough and asthma, edema, and relieve itching, etc.

Answer: The use of Chinese Ephedrs Herb should be accord with doctor’s suggestions. We should also avoid using large amount of Chinese Ephedrs Herb because Chinese Ephedrs Herb contain ephedrine. Ephedrine’s toxicity is quite strong and is slow at metabolism. Taking too much may cause side effects, like central nervous system disease’s symptom, such as jittery, insomnia, etc. and high blood pressure.

Answer:

1. Headache and pyrexia, general painlumbago, osteodynia and arthralgia, aversion to wind, dyspnea with no sweat: Chinese ephedra 90g (remove nodes), ramulus cinnamomi 60g (remove peel), ural licorice 30g (stir fried), apricot seed 70 (remove peel, apex). Decoct in water and swallow.

2. Rheumatism and general pain, pyrexia: Chinese ephedra, apricot seed 6g each, coix seed 12g, ural licorice 3g. Decoct in water and swallow.

主產於河北、山西、內蒙古、甘肅等地，立秋至霜降之間採收

Mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other places, the establishment of harvest between autumn to frost

叶膜质鞘状，上部二裂（極少數3），裂片锐三角形，反曲

Leaf membranous sheathlike, upper two split (very few 3), lobes sharp triangle, curved

為雌雄異株；雄球花有多數密集的雄花，苞片通常4對，雄花有7~8枚雄蕊；雌球花單生枝頂，有苞片4~5對，上面一對苞片內有雌花2朵，雌球花成熟時苞片紅色肉質。種子通常2粒。花期5月

Male and female heterocercles; male ball flower has the most dense male flowers, usually 4 pairs of bracts, male flowers have 7-8 stamens; female flowers flower solitary branches top, bracts 4 to 5 pairs of bracts above a 2 female flowers, bracts red female flower when mature. The seeds are usually 2 grains. Flowering in May

種子成熟期7月。

Seed maturity in July.

辛、微苦，溫。歸肺、膀胱經。

Xin, bitter, warm. To the lungs, bladder

發汗解表，宣肺平喘，利水消腫，通鼻竅，透疹，止癢。

Sweating solution table, Xuanfei asthma, water swelling, through the nose, Touzhen, itching.

有三種麻黃屬的植物：草麻黃（Ephedra sinica）、木賊麻黃（Ephedra equisetina）與中麻黃（Ephedra intermedia）

There are three Ephedra plants: Ephedra sinica, Ephedra equisetina and Ephedra intermedia,

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