Code: ML277 名稱蛋白石  Name     Boulder Opal 化學公式SiO2  Chemical Formula   SiO2莫氏硬度5.5-6.5  Mohs scale of Hardness5.5-6.5  描述 蛋白石是非晶質結構，無一定外形，斷口為貝殼狀，主要是二氧化矽的膠體沉澱形成的，如果沉澱在生物遺骸中，則形成「樹化玉」。Description Opal has an amorphous structure, without a certain shape, and the fracture is shell-shaped. It is mainly formed by the precipitation of colloidal silica. If it is deposited in biological remains, it will form “tree-like jade.”小挑戰   我們在哪裡可以找到這石頭？   澳洲  Challenge   Where can we find this stone?   Australia   Reference https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3  by Ho Yat Nga on 18 April 2021

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名稱   瑪腦  Name   Thunderegg Agate Creek化學公式   SiO2Chemical Formula   SiO2莫氏硬度   7Mohs scale of Hardness   7描述   瑪腦是一種結節狀的石頭，類似於玉石。它們的大小可以由一公分至一米不等。它們的中心通常擁有玉髓。從外表來看，它們就如普通石頭一樣沒有差異，但是把它們切開一半後就會知道裏面錯中複雜的紋路和顏色。Description   Thunderegg is a nodule-like rock,similar to a filled geode.Their sizse can range from a little more than centimeter to over a meter across.They usually contain centers of chalcedony.They look like normal rocks on the outside,but you may reveal the intricate patterns and colors.小挑戰 我們可以在哪裏抓到瑪腦？ 流紋岩漿  Challenge Where can we find Thunderegg Agate Creek? Rhyolite lava   Reference 1.https://en.m.wikipeida.org/wiki/Thunderegg By 4A Ho Tsz…

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Code: ML275 名稱   鉬鉛礦Name   Wulfenite化學公式   PbMoO4Chemical Formula   PbMoO4莫氏硬度   3Mohs scale of Hardness   3描述   鉬鉛礦一般結晶成為帶有斜面的方形薄板，具有油脂光澤或金剛光澤，顏色為黃到橙紅色或褐色。發紅顏色是由於其中含有鎢的成分。鉬鉛礦的橘紅色特別艷麗奪目，這種晶體在晶型和組合形態方面不是強項，但強勁火烈的色彩彌補了形態的不足。Description   Wulfenite is most often found as thin tabular crystals with a bright orange-red to yellow-orange colour, sometimes brown, although the colour can be highly variable. In its yellow form it is sometimes called “yellow lead ore”.小挑戰   我們可以找到這石頭？ 釩鉛礦是工業上提鍊金屬釩的主要礦物原料，通過對它們進行焙燒和熔煉能將釩元素從礦石中提取出來。偶爾也用於鉛的提煉。Challenge   What is the function of this stone? Wulfenite is a very popular and highly sought-after mineral by collectors. It is used as a minor…

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名稱   葡萄石/符山石Name   Prehnite/ Vesuvianite化學公式   Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2/ Ca10(Mg, Fe)2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH,F)4Chemical Formula   Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2/ Ca10(Mg, Fe)2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH,F)4莫氏硬度   6 to 6.5或6 to 7Mohs scale of Hardness   6 to 6.5 or 6 to 7描述   光澤的範圍可能從玻璃到珍珠，通常看起來像是毛玻璃。就顏色而言，葡萄石中實際上有很多變化。葡萄石通常以綠色出現，但您也可以找到藍色，無色，粉紅色或白色的標本。Description   The luster may range from vitreous to pearly, and often has a look like frosted glass. In terms of color, there is actually quite a bit of variation in prehnite. Prehnite typically occurs in green, but you can also find specimens which are blue, colorless, pink, or white.小挑戰   在哪裡可以找到這塊石頭？一些最重要的礦床來自非洲（納米比亞，南非），澳大利亞（西澳大利亞州，北領地），加拿大，中國，德國，蘇格蘭，法國和美國（新澤西州，賓夕法尼亞州和弗吉尼亞州）。Challenge…

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名稱 瑪瑙  Name Agate化學公式 SiO2  Chemical Formula SiO2莫氏硬度 7  Mohs scale of Hardness 7描述 瑪瑙是半透明的微晶石英。當它具有理想的質量和顏色時，它可以用作半寶石。瑪瑙有多種顏色，包括棕色，白色，紅色，灰色，粉紅色，黑色和黃色。顏色是由雜質引起的，並以瑪瑙內的交替帶出現。  Description Agate is a translucent variety of microcrystalline quartz. It is used as a semiprecious stone when it is of desirable quality and color. Agate occurs in a wide range of colors, which include brown, white, red, gray, pink, black, and yellow. The colors are caused by impurities and occur as alternating bands within the agate.    小挑戰 瑪瑙是如何形成的？瑪瑙通常是由火成岩腔中地下水中的二氧化矽沉積而成的。瑪瑙沉積在空腔壁周圍的同心層中，或沉積在空腔底部的水平層中。  Challenge How are Agate formed? Agate generally forms by the deposition…

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Code: ML272 名稱   粉紅色滑石Name   Talc化學公式   Mg3Si4O10(OH)2Chemical Formula   Mg3Si4O10(OH)2莫氏硬度   1Mohs scale of Hardness   1描述   這種不透明的綠色帶狀礦物在單斜晶體系統中結晶，並且最常見的是在裂縫和深層地下空間中形成水晶體，纖維狀或石筍狀塊體，那裡的地下水位和熱液為化學沉澱提供了手段。Description   Talc is a common metamorphic mineral in metamorphic belts that contain ultramafic rocks, such as soapstone (a high-talc rock), and within white schist and blueschist metamorphic terranes小挑戰 滑石有什麽的用途? 滑石粉,雕刻,藥用,滑石筆  Challenge   What is the use of talc? Talc powder, carving, medicinal, talc pen Reference 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc 2. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc By Chui Chun Ho on 19 April 2021

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姓名： 螢石Name: Fluorite化學式： CaF2  Chemical formula: CaF2  莫氏硬度標度： 4mohs scale of hardness:4描述：螢石（也稱為螢石）是氟化鈣CaF2的礦物形式。它屬於鹵化物礦物。儘管八面體和更複雜的等距形式並不少見，但它以等軸立方的習慣結晶。  Description: Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon.挑戰：螢石遍布中國，南非，蒙古，法國，俄羅斯和北美洲中部。在這裡，值得注意的礦床分佈在美國的墨西哥，伊利諾伊州，密蘇里州，肯塔基州和科羅拉多州。  Challenge: Fluorite is found worldwide in China, South Africa, Mongolia, France, Russia, and the central North America. Here, noteworthy deposits occur in Mexico, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky and Colorado in the United States.

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Code: ML270 名稱 天然玻璃Name Moldavite  化學公式 SiO2(+Al2O3)  Chemical Formula SiO2(+Al2O3)  莫氏硬度 5.5-7  Mohs scale of Hardness 5.5-7  描述 顏色範圍從黃綠色到綠色到棕綠色，並且其條紋為白色。它的光澤是玻璃的。它沒有分裂。    Description The colours range from yellowish green, to green, to greenish brown, and its streak is white. Its luster is vitreous. It has no cleavage.    小挑戰 它是如何形成的？天然玻璃是由大約1500萬年前發生在德國南部的隕石撞擊形成的。    Challenge How was it formed? Moldavite was formed by a meteorite impact probably in southern Germany that occurred about 15 million years ago.     Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavitehttps://geology.com/gemstones/moldavite/ By 4A Chow Pui Ching 06 on 18/4/2021

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Code: ML269 名稱 墨綠色天然玻璃Name Moldavite化學公式 SiO2(+Al2O3)Chemical Formula SiO2(+Al2O3)描述 玻璃隕石是地外物體劇烈撞擊地球時，地表靶物質熔融後快速凝結的天然玻璃。地表發現的玻璃隕石多呈塊狀，棕黑色到淺綠色，一般為厘米級大小，表面多具空氣動力學熔蝕刻痕。長期的研究證明，玻璃隕石在化學和結構特徵上與地球火山玻璃具有明顯的區別，不是地質作用的產物。Description Glass meteorites are natural glass that quickly condenses after the target material on the surface melts when an extraterrestrial object violently hits the earth. Most of the glass meteorites found on the surface are massive, brown-black to light green, generally in the size of a centimeter, with many aerodynamic melt etching marks on the surface. Long-term studies have proved that glass meteorites are clearly different from earth’s volcanic glass in chemical and structural characteristics, and are…

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Code:ML268 名稱 石墨Name Graphite化學公式 碳Chemical Formula C莫氏硬度 1-3Mohs scale of Hardness 1-3描述 石墨的顏色是鐵黑色到鋼灰色。透射光中呈深藍色.它的條紋是黑色的，光澤是泥土的,金屬的.具片狀斷裂，若不解理則較粗糙,易溶於熔融鎳,溫熱的氯硫酸中。Description Graphite’s colour is iron-black to steel-gray; deep blue in transmitted light. Its streak is black.Luster is earthy, metallic. Owning flaky fracture, otherwise rough when not on cleavage.Soluble in molten nickel, warm chlorosulfuric acid.小挑戰 詞源？ 從歷史上講，石墨被稱為黑鉛或石墨。 石墨通常以其大量的礦物形式使用。 這兩個名稱都源自與相似外觀的鉛礦石（特別是方鉛礦）的混淆。 鉛的拉丁語是鉛，它的英文名稱是這種灰色金屬光澤礦物質的英文名稱，甚至是鉛草，鉛花等帶有這種顏色花的植物。黑鉛通常是指粉末狀或加工過的石墨 ，亞光黑色。Challenge Other names  Historically, graphite was called black lead or plumbago. Plumbago was commonly used in its massive mineral form. Both of these names arise from confusion with the similar-appearing lead ores, particularly galena. The Latin word for lead, plumbum, gave its name to the English term…

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